Hi Brendan,
Those are thought provoking questions.
The Apostle Paul spoke about the importance of having the
same kind of faith Abraham had in God's promises. Those
who have this kind of faith are promised an inheritance,
and that inheritance is as of a first born son. Yet others
will be saved, but will not inherit the kingdom.
According to Paul, eventually, all of Israel will be saved:
"For if you were cut out
of the olive tree which is wild by
nature, and were grafted contrary to
nature into a cultivated
olive tree, how much more will these, who
are natural
branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?
For I do not desire, brethren, that you should be ignorant
of this
mystery, lest you should be wise in your own opinion,
that blindness in
part has happened to Israel until the
fullness of the Gentiles has come
in.
And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written:
“ The Deliverer will come out of Zion, And He will turn away ungodliness from Jacob;
For this is My covenant with them,
When I take away their sins.”
Concerning the gospel
they are enemies for your sake,
but concerning the election
they are beloved for the
sake of the fathers."
Hebrews 8:8Because finding fault with them, He says: “Behold,
the days are coming, says the LORD, when I will make
a new
covenant with the house of Israel and with the
house of Judah—
Hebrews 8:11For this is the
covenantthat I will make with the house of Israel after those
days, says the LORD: I will put My laws in their mind
and write them on their hearts; and I will be their God,
and they shall be My people.
None of them shall teach his
neighbor, and none his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’
for all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest
of them. For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness,
and their sins and their lawless deeds I will remember
no more.”2 Corinthians 3:6God, who also made us sufficient as ministers of the new
covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the
letter kills, but the Spirit gives life."
There are many covenants, but this one will give life to
who ever seeks it.